Prewriting

- Using pre-writing techniques to gather ideas. 

- Choosing a purpose and an audience. 

- Ordering ideas. 

- Inexperienced writers need motivation to write and assistance in uncovering concepts, experiences, and ideas about which to write.

- During the pre-writing phase, students need direction —a topic or something to discuss in writing. Topics can come from teachers but students also need to develop the skill of using their own insights and experiences. 

- Most often, the potential of possible topics is revealed through pre-drafting experiences such as the following: 

• Talking with and interviewing
• Brainstorming. 
• Free writing 
• Mapping 
• Listing. 
• Using reporters’ questions 
• Listing. 
• Using reporters’ questions 
• Finding similarities and differences 
• Reading and examining written models 
• Viewing pictures 
• Using visualization 
• Listening
• Debating 

Writers must not only think about what they are going to say, but also about how they are going to say it. 

- During the pre-drafting stage students need to establish: 

                                The purpose       Audiences      Writing Form 


- As teachers plan their writing assignments, they should identify and define the appropriate learning objectives, address the elements of effective communication (subject, purpose, audience, and form), and establish guidelines or criteria to evaluate the outcome of the students’ work. 

- Students need to organize their ideas in logical sequences. Some of them are: chronological order, spatial order, and common logic. Students could consider constructing a map, a chart, an outline, a visual organizer, or a ladder diagram to organize their main ideas and supporting details.